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1.
West Indian med. j ; 69(3): 136-139, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1341892

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective: To provide an overview of the development of an institution-specific epidemiological antibiogram. Emphasis was on last-line antibiotics, such as carbapenems. Methods: In 2013, the antibiograms of various organisms were retrieved from the computerized database of the Microscan (Siemens Healthcare) at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Sangre Grande Hospital in East Trinidad, West Indies. These were divided into blood and urine specimen antibiograms. All the wards and hospital clinics were included. A 20% cut-off was used to determine that a particular antibiotic or antibiotic class could be used for empiric therapy. All the organisms were not chosen. Only the most common and clinically relevant organisms were chosen. Results: Blood: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis: Imipenem, mero- penem, ertapenem showed greater than 80% sensitivity, respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, levofloxacin and tazobactam/piperacillin showed 100%, 80%, 80%, 100% and 100% sensitivity, respectively. Urines: E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis: Imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, were greater than 80% sensitive. Enterobacter cloacae: Imipenem, meropenem were 92%, 100% sensitive. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: tazobactam-piperacillin and amikacin were both 85% susceptible. Acinetobacter baumanii/haemolyticus: All the antibiotics were above the 20% resistance threshold. Conclusion: Patient-specific antibiograms and unit-specific trends (eg, ICU, surgical wards and outpatient clinic) can be used as a guide in patients with less severe infections. Carbapenems can still be used empirically, in East Trinidad, for sepsis.


Assuntos
Humanos , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana
2.
West Indian med. j ; 59(1): 20-25, Jan. 2010. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-672559

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Domestic violence is a medical and social issue that often leads to negative consequences for society. This paper examines the association between the prevalence of domestic violence in relation to the different socio-economic classes in Central Trinidad. The paper also explores the major perceived causes of physical abuse in Central Trinidad. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Participants were selected using a twostage stratified sampling method within the Couva district. Households, each contributing one participant, were stratified into different socio-economic classes (SES Class) and each stratum size (or its share in the sample) was determined by the portion of its size in the sampling frame to the total sample; then its members were randomly selected. The sampling method attempted to balance and then minimize racial, age, cultural biases and confounding factors. The participant chosen had to be older than 16years of age, female and a resident of the household. If more than one female was at home, the most senior was interviewed. RESULTS: The study found a statistically significant relationship between verbal abuse (p = 0.0017), physical abuse (p = 0.0012) and financial abuse (p = 0.001) and socio-economic class. For all the socio-economic classes considered, the highest prevalence of domestic violence occurred amongst the working class and lower middle socio-economic classes. The most prominent reasons cited for the physical violence was drug and alcohol abuse (37%) and communication differences (16.3%). These were the other two main perceived causes of the violence. The power of the study was 0.78 and the all strata prevalence of domestic violence was 41%. CONCLUSIONS: Domestic violence was reported within all socio-economic class groupings but it was most prevalent within the working class and lower middle socio-economic classes. The major perceived cause of domestic violence was alcohol/drug abuse.


OBJETIVOS: La violencia doméstica es un serio problema médico y social que a menudo conduce a consecuencias negativas para la sociedad. Este trabajo examina la asociación entre la prevalencia de la violencia doméstica en relación con las diferentes clases socioeconómicas en Trinidad Central. El trabajo también explora las principales causas de abuso físico en Trinidad Central. SUJETOS Y MÉTODOS: Se seleccionaron los participantes usando un método de muestreo estratificado en dos etapas, en el distrito de Couva. Las casas - cada una de las cuales aportó un participante - fueron estratificadas en diferentes clases socioeconómicas (clase ESE) y el tamaño de cada estrato (o su porción en la muestra) fue determinado por la porción de su tamaño en el marco de la muestra total. Entonces sus miembros fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente. El método de muestreo perseguía equilibrar y luego minimizar los sesgos raciales, culturales y de edad, así como los factores de confusión. El participante escogido tenía que tener más de 16 años de edad, ser mujer, y residir en una casa. Si en la casa había más de una mujer, entonces se entrevistaba a la mayor de ellas. RESULTADOS: El estudio encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el abuso verbal (p = 0.0017), el abuso físico (p = 0.0012), el abuso financiero (p = 0.001) y la clase socioeconómica. Para todas las clases socioeconómicas consideradas, la prevalencia más alta de violencia doméstica ocurrió entre la clase obrera y las clases medias socioeconómicas más bajas. Las razones más sobresalientes citadas para la violencia física fueron las drogas y el abuso del alcohol (37%), y las diferencias en la comunicación (16.3%). Éstas eran las otras dos causas percibidas principales de la violencia. El poder del estudio fue 0.78 y la prevalencia de todos los estratos en relación con la violencia doméstica fue 41%. CONCLUSIONES: Se reportó violencia doméstica dentro de los grupos de clases socioeconómicas, pero se presentaba con mayor frecuencia entre la clase obrera y las clases socioeconómicas medias más bajas. La principal causa de violencia doméstica fue el abuso del alcohol y las drogas.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Violência Doméstica/estatística & dados numéricos , Classe Social , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos Transversais , Entrevistas como Assunto , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Trinidad e Tobago/epidemiologia
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